Hemodialysis Vascular Access: A Historical Perspective on Access Promotion, Barriers, and Lessons for the Future
This review describes the history of vascular access for hemodialysis (HD) over the past 8 decades.Reliable, repeatable vascular access for outpatient HD began in the 1960s with the Quinton-Scribner shunt.This was followed by the autologous Brecia-Cimino radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which dominated HD vascular access for the next 20